Endocrine disorders and mitochondrial dysfunction are interconnected, potentially worsening each other. Let's delve into how CoQ10 supplementation might influence function in different health conditions.
But before even start talking about mitochondrial dysfunction and endocrine disorders, let's understand what Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is and why it is so vital for our health.
Introduction
Coenzyme Q10, often abbreviated as CoQ10, is a compound found naturally in the body, particularly in the mitochondria – the energy-producing powerhouses of cells. 🏭 It plays a pivotal role in the process of converting food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the molecule used by cells for energy. Here's why CoQ10 is considered so important:
Energy Production: CoQ10 is essential for the production of ATP, which is the primary source of energy for cellular functions. Without adequate CoQ10 levels, cells may struggle to generate sufficient energy, leading to fatigue and decreased overall vitality. 💥
Antioxidant Properties: Beyond its role in energy production, CoQ10 also acts as a potent antioxidant. It helps neutralize harmful free radicals, which are by-products of cellular metabolism and can cause oxidative damage to cells and DNA. By scavenging these free radicals, CoQ10 helps protect cells from oxidative stress and premature ageing. 🛡️
Heart Health: The heart is one of the most energy-demanding organs in the body, relying heavily on efficient mitochondrial function. CoQ10 has been extensively studied for its potential benefits in supporting cardiovascular health. It aids in maintaining the optimal function of the heart muscle and promoting healthy blood circulation. Several studies suggest that CoQ10 supplementation may help improve symptoms in individuals with heart failure and other cardiovascular conditions. ❤️
Mitochondrial Function: CoQ10 is intricately involved in the electron transport chain, a series of biochemical reactions that occur within mitochondria to generate ATP. Without adequate CoQ10, this process may be impaired, leading to decreased energy production and mitochondrial dysfunction. 🔄
Neurological Health: Research also indicates potential benefits of CoQ10 for neurological health. It may help protect neurons from oxidative damage, improve mitochondrial function in the brain, and potentially play a role in managing neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. 🧠
Thyroid Problems and Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Thyroid hormones play a vital role in cellular energy metabolism directly impacting mitochondrial function. 🏋️♂️ Research conducted by Harper et al. (2008) suggests that thyroid hormones, particularly triiodothyronine (T3) gather inside mitochondria influencing their functioning and energy generation. However this increased activity also results in radical production, which could harm mitochondria in a continuous cycle (Sterling et al., 1984; Turrens et al., 2003).
Overactive Thyroid and CoQ10 Levels
Studies have shown decreased levels of CoQ10 in the blood or thyroid tissue of individuals with hyperthyroidism. However there have been no randomized controlled trials far investigating the effectiveness of CoQ10 supplementation for hyperthyroidism.
Mitochondrial Disorders and Diabetes
Mutations in DNA (mtDNA) can cause diseases, including types of diabetes, like mitochondrial diabetes. The m.3243A>G mutation, in mtDNA has been linked to this condition according to a study by Schaefer and colleagues in 2013. Regarding the role of CoQ10 in disorders although the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) generally does not recommend CoQ10 supplementation for diseases primary CoQ10 deficiency seems to be an exception. A review by Mantle et al. (2023) suggests that CoQ10 therapy could be helpful in this type of disorder. In summary while there is encouraging evidence indicating the advantages of CoQ10 supplementation, for addressing dysfunction related to specific endocrine disorders further robust clinical trials are necessary to conclusively establish its effectiveness.
Glucose metabolism and lipid profiles in women with PCOS
CoQ10 has been shown to directly modulate the expression of more than 100 genes involved in cell metabolism (Gutierrez- Mariscal et al, 2018), including beneficial effects on those involved with glucose and symptoms in type II diabetes (Al-Kuraishy et al, 2019), and as an add-on to tamoxifen to improve sperm count in patients with idiopathic oligoasthenospermia (Tang et al, 2011).
What is the optimal dosage and duration of CoQ10 supplementation for individuals with endocrine disorders?
The dosage used successfully in randomised controlled trials of patients with endocrine disorders (notably type II diabetes or male infertility) is typically 200-300mg/day for 3-6 months (Mantle & Hargreaves, 2023).
📚 References:
Harper, M. E., et al. (2008). Thyroid Hormone Effects on Mitochondrial Energetics. Thyroid, 18(2), 145–156.
Mantle, D., et al. (2023). Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review of Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(1), 208.
Schaefer, A. M., et al. (2013). Prevalence of mitochondrial DNA disease in adults. Annals of Neurology, 63(1), 35–39.
Sterling, K., et al. (1984). Relationship between thyroidal state and activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in rat liver mitochondria. Endocrinology, 114(1), 114-119.
Turrens, J. F., et al. (2003). Mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species. Journal of Physiology, 552(2), 335–344.
Coenzyme Q10 and Endocrine Disorders: An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023, 12https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36830072. Cardiovascular mortality and N-terminal-proBNP reduced after combined selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplementation: a 5-year prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial among elderly Swedish citizens. Int J Cardiol 2013;167(5):1860-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.04.156. Ginkgo biloba Food Supplements on the European Market – Adulteration Patterns Revealed by Quality Control of Selected Samples. Planta Med 2018;84(6-07):475-482. doi: 10.1055/a-0581-5203. Hargreaves IP, Mantle D. Supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 in critically ill patients. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2019;80(10):589-593. doi: 10.12968/hmed.2019.80.10.589. Hargreaves I., Mantle D., Milford D. Chronic kidney disease and coenzyme Q10 supplementation. J Kidney Care 2019;4:82–90. doi: 10.12968/jokc.2019.4.2.82. Hargreaves I, Heaton RA, Mantle D. Disorders of human Coenzyme Q10 metabolism: An overview. Int J Mol Sci2020;21(18):6695. doi: 10.3390/ijms21186695. The instability of the lipid-soluble antioxidant ubiquinol: Part 1-lab studies. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2021;20:24-28. The instability of the lipid-soluble antioxidant ubiquinol: Part 2 – dog studies. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2021;20:26–30 Pharmaceutical quality of different Ginkgo biloba brands. J Pharm Pharmacol 2002 May;54(5):661-9. Doi: 10.1211/0022357021778970. Bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 supplements depends on carrier lipids and solubilization. Nutrition 2019;57:133–140. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.05.020. Mantle D. CoQ10 to treat and prevent heart disease. Br J Cardiac Nurs 2015;10:382–387. doi: 10.12968/ bjca.2015.10.8.382. Mantle D. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation for diabetes and its complications: An overview. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis2017;17:145–148. doi: 10.15277/bjd.2017.149. Mantle D, Dybring A. Bioavailability of Coenzyme Q10: An Overview of the Absorption Process and Subsequent Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020;9(5):386. doi: 10.3390/antiox9050386. Mantle D, Hargreaves IP. CoQ10 supplementation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an overview. Brit J Gastrointestinal Nursing (Liver nursing supplement), S1-S7. Mantle D, Hargreaves IP. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Role of Nutritional Supplementation. Int J Mol Sci 2022;23(20):12603. doi: 10.3390/ijms232012603. Mantle D, Hargreaves IP. Coenzyme Q10: Role in less common age-related disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022;11(11):2293. doi: 10.3390/antiox11112293. Mantle D, Hargreaves IP. Coenzyme Q10 and Endocrine Disorders: An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023;12(2):514. doi: 10.3390/antiox12020514. Mantle D, Heaton RA, Hargreaves IP. Coenzyme Q10 and Immune Function: An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022;10(5):759. doi: 10.3390/antiox10050759. Discrimination of Adulterated Ginkgo Biloba Products Based on 2T2D Correlation Spectroscopy in UV-Vis Range.Molecules 2022 Jan 10;27(2):433. doi: 10.3390/molecules27020433. The coenzyme Q10 content of the average Danish diet. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1997;67:123–129.